Current Issue : April - June Volume : 2014 Issue Number : 2 Articles : 6 Articles
The objective of present research work was to develop topical film forming solution of Clotrimazole to treat fungal infection such as athlete�s foot, jock itch and ringworm. The formulations like creams, patches, ointments used for treating these infections has various disadvantages like poor aesthetic appearance, difficulty in adhesion, repeated application. To overcome these disadvantages topical film forming solution is developed which when applied to skin, solvent evaporates and leaves a non-sticky, transparent film and it also remains intact for more than 18 h giving release of drug for prolonged period of time. Topical film forming solution is developed by using various polymers, plasticizers and penetration enhancers. The formulation was evaluated for its anti-fungal, in-vitro permeability, water vapor permeability and drug content. In-vitro anti-fungal study revealed that it has good activity compared to marketed formulation. The optimized formula containing Hydroxy propyl cellulose 6.66% showed maximum water vapor permeability compared to formulation containing Eudragit and HPC in combination. The permeability study containing no penetration enhancer showed low drug penetration of 2.66% while formulation containing oleic acid and isopropyl myristate showed 39.17% and 43.75% drug penetration respectively. From this study it can be concluded that TFFS is promising dosage form for treatment of superficial topical fungal infection....
The aim of the present research work was to investigate the potential of emulgel in enhancing the topical delivery of ciclopirox olamine (CPO). Emulgel formulae of CPO were prepared using two types of gelling agents namely, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and Carbopol 934 (Cp 934). The influence of the type of the gelling agent and the concentration of both the oil phase and emulsifying agent on the drug release from the prepared emulgels was investigated using a 23 factorial design. The prepared emulgels were evaluated for their physical appearance, rheological behaviour, drug release, drug permeation, antifungal activity, and stability. Commercially available CPO topical cream (Batrafen�®) was used for comparison. All the prepared emulgels showed acceptable physical properties concerning colour, homogeneity, consistency, spreadability, and pH value. They also exhibited higher drug release, drug permeation, and antifungal activity than the CPO cream. It was found that the type of the gelling agent had the most pronounced effect on the drug release from the emulgels followed by the emulsifying agent concentration and finally the liquid paraffin concentration. The drug permeation from the selected emulgels was found to follow diffusion-controlled mechanism. Rheological studies revealed that the CPO emulgels exhibited a non newtonian thixotropic shear-thinning behaviour. Stability studies showed that the physical appearance, rheological properties, drug release, drug permeation, and antifungal activity in selected prepared emulgels remained unchanged upon storage for six months. As a general conclusion, it was suggested that the CPO emulgel formulation prepared with HPMC with the liquid paraffin and emulsifying agent concentration in their low level (EG2) was the formula of choice as it showed the highest drug release, drug permeation, and antifungal activity....
Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) for Salbutamol sulphate were developed with a view to treat bronchospasm associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), including chronic bronchitis and emphysema effectively. The formulations were prepared with different grades of Lactose monohydrate like Flowlac 100, lactohale 300, Sorbolac 400, Inhalac 230, Respitose SV003, and DCL11. The formulations were evaluated for physical appearance, average fill weight per capsule, content uniformity, uniformity of delivered dose , emitted dose, moisture content, assay and locking length. The influence of composition of DPI and overages on performance of DPI was studied. The better fine particle fraction was obtained from the DPIs formulated with 10:90 ratio of fine lactose (Lactohale 300): coarsey lactose (Respitose SV003) and having 20%w/w overages....
Buccal delivery is considered to be an important alternative to the peroral route for the systemic administration of drugs, as it considered the most convenient, easy, safest route of administration. Sublingual films are intended for the application in the oral cavity beneath the tongue, drug absorbs totally through sublingual artery and entered in to systemic circulation. So, they are an innovative and promising dosage form especially for use in paediatrics and geriatrics. Olanzapine was selected as the active drug as it has low solubility and it is indicated in to schizophrenia where an immediate relief is always needed. Moreover sublingual film dosage form is very convenient for geriatric patient and those who have difficulty in swallowing tablets or in situations where access to water is not possible.\r\n Films were prepared according to the literature survey with a pre evaluation of different film formers such as, HPMC E-15, PVP, in combination with PVA by solvent casting method. PEG-400 is used as plasticizer. The prepared films, based on different formulations, were evaluated with regard to their morphology, mechanical properties and % Drug release. A 32 full factorial design was used to optimize the film. Compatibility studies with IR showed that drug is compatible with all the polymers and other additives. HPMC E-15 was found to be a good film forming agent. PVP and PVA were selected as factors in formulation; while % Drug release was studied up to 5 min. Formulation F1 was found to be the optimized among all nine batches with 100.91% release. Increase in the levels of PVA causes an increase in the Folding Endurance and % elongation. Surface pH of all the formulation is measured and all found in acceptable pH range. DSC spectra of film show that drug is totally embedded within polymer matrix, so stability of drug is also increased in formulation. Stability study results shows that formulation is stable over a period of 90 days at accelerated stability conditions....
Ketotifen fumarate (KF) is a long term prophylactic agent of asthma especially in children. The effect of cyclodextrins (aCD, �ŸCD and HP�ŸCD) on percutaneous absorption of KF through hairless mice skin was thoroughly investigated. Phase solubility diagrams were classified as AL type with HP�ŸCD and BS type with aCD and �ŸCD. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed the formation of inclusion complexation between KF and CDs. KF permeability increased at low CDs concentration (0.001M), and then decreased by increasing CD concentration. Pre-treatment of hairless mice with CDs (0.005M and 0.01M of aCD, �ŸCD and HP�ŸCD) produced concentration-dependant increase in drug permeability. Thus, CDs acted as permeation enhancers by direct effect on the stratum corneum. The most efficient CD as a penetration enhancer for KF was HP�ŸCD, followed by aCD and then �ŸCD. In case of 0.001M HP�ŸCD in Eudragit patch, the permeability coefficient of the drug (kp) was 3.45 cm/hour and the cumulative amount of the drug permeated per unit area after 24 hours (Q24) was 145.11 �µg/cm2, which was significantly higher (p<0.05) compared to control....
Herbal drugs comprises of a vast array of active contents which furnishes us with a number of applications. But due to high polarity and poor lipophilicity the active contents are poorly absorbed resulting in poor bioavailability. This problem can be overcomed by formulating a suitable novel preparation of the herbal extract. The Phytosomes approach has the improved pharmacokinetic profile obtained without resorting to pharmacological adjuvant or structural modification of the ingredients. Phytosomes are recent advanced forms of herbal formulations that have enhanced absorption rate, producing better bioavailability than conventional herbal extracts. The paper provides details of the formulation methodology for phytosomes and describes their chemical and biological properties. The characterization and evaluation technologies used for phytosomes offers insight into different techniques helpful in screening various parameters of phytosomes. The advantages of phytosomes over conventional and liposomal drug delivery systems are also discussed. Thus, in this paper, a complete overview of phytosome technology has been provided for the benefit of the researchers interested in this field....
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